Email, or electronic mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages between people using electronic devices. It allows users to send and receive written communication, along with attachments such as files, images, and links, over the internet. Email operates using various protocols, primarily the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for sending messages and the Post Office Protocol (POP) or Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) for receiving them. Users typically access email through web-based services or dedicated email applications. An email address, composed of a username and a domain, uniquely identifies each user within the email system, enabling the routing of messages to the correct recipient. Email has become a fundamental tool for personal, educational, and professional communication, characterized by its speed, convenience, and the ability to reach multiple recipients simultaneously.